What will I learn on this module?
At very small scales, classical mechanics (Newton’s laws) breaks down and quantum mechanics must be used. This module introduces the foundations of quantum mechanics starting from the failure of classical physics to describe important experiments and the concept of wave-particle duality. Students are then introduced to the concept of a particle’s wave function and solving the Schrödinger equation for standard problems.
Key parts of quantum mechanics that are covered within the module include:
The Origins of Quantum Mechanics
Bohr model of the atom. Quantised nature of light and atomic spectra. Failure of classical mechanics to describe key experiments. The photoelectric effect. Young’s double slit experiment. Wave nature of particles. Concept of wave function and localisation. De Broglie equation. Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle. Quantum numbers and Pauli Exclusion Principle.
The Schrödinger Equation and Standard Solutions
Time dependent Schrödinger equation and general formulation. Wave function normalisation. Time independent Schrödinger equation. Boundary conditions. Infinite square well. Finite square well. Tunnelling through a potential barrier. Harmonic Oscillator. Three dimensional Schrödinger equation. Particle in a box. Hydrogen atom.
Matrix Mechanics
Postulates of quantum mechanics. Operators and representation of dynamical variables. Eigenfunctions and eigenvalues and linear combinations. Hamiltonian and operator representation of the Schrödinger equation. Hermitian operators. Expectation values. Commutating operators. Harmonic oscillator: raising and lowering operators. Angular momentum and spin. Time independent perturbation theory
Particle Physics
Fundamental Forces. Particle Classification and the Standard Model. Particle interactions, reactions and decays.
How will I learn on this module?
A wide range of learning and teaching approaches are used in this module. Lectures allow students to experience and understand the mathematical formalism of quantum mechanics and include relevant examples. Students have an opportunity to enhance their understanding of the subject through seminars which promote independent learning and tackle rich problems in quantum mechanics. Students are provided with formative feedback to problems in seminars and have the opportunity to problem solve within peer groups. Technology is also used to enhance students learning as solutions to the Schrödinger equation are routinely visualised in software. In addition, students are encouraged to use an online resource from the Institute of Physics (www.quantumphysics.iop.org) designed to support the undergraduate university curriculum.
Summative assessment is composed of an assignment (worth 30% of the module mark) and a closed book written examination (worth 70% of the module mark). The assignment is composed of diverse questions that allow students to reflect on their understanding of quantum mechanics. Feedback is provided to students both individually and in a plenary format to help students improve and promote dialogue around the assessment. The examination requires students to analyse and solve problems using both calculation and written arguments.
A further assessment tool is centred on technology enhanced learning and involves formative online quizzes. These are made available to students via the e-learning portal and provide immediate feedback. The quizzes are intended to focus on conceptual aspects of quantum mechanics rather than mathematical rigour and therefore allow students to reflect on their subject grasp.
How will I be supported academically on this module?
In addition to direct contact with the module team during lectures and seminars, students are encouraged to develop their curiosity by making direct contact with the module team either via email or the open door policy operated throughout the programme. Students will also be regularly referred to supporting resources including relevant texts and multimedia relevant to quantum mechanics. References to these resources will be made available through the e-learning portal and in lectures and seminars.
What will I be expected to read on this module?
All modules at Northumbria include a range of reading materials that students are expected to engage with. Online reading lists (provided after enrolment) give you access to your reading material for your modules. The Library works in partnership with your module tutors to ensure you have access to the material that you need.
What will I be expected to achieve?
Knowledge & Understanding:
• Appreciate the failure of classical physics to account for experimental results and the concept of wave-particle duality
Intellectual / Professional skills & abilities:
• Apply the time independent Schrödinger equation to solve important examples
• Apply a matrix representation of the Schrödinger equation and other quantum mechanical problems involving spin and angular momentum
Personal Values Attributes (Global / Cultural awareness, Ethics, Curiosity) (PVA):
• Increase capacity for curiosity through the concept of measurement in quantum mechanics
How will I be assessed?
SUMMATIVE
1. Assignment (30%) – KU1
2. Examination (70%) – ISA1, ISA2, PVA1
FORMATIVE
1. Seminar problems ISA1, ISA2
2. Online quizzes KU1, PVA1
Feedback is provided to students individually and in a plenary format both written and verbally to help students improve and promote dialogue around the assessment. Online feedback is also provided immediately.
Pre-requisite(s)
N/A
Co-requisite(s)
N/A
Module abstract
Quantum technologies such as quantum computing offer unprecedented power and the potential to solve some of the world’s most challenging problems. These technologies are underpinned by the laws of quantum mechanics which are drastically different from classical physics. For example, a sub-atomic particle can be in a combination of two states at the same time as famously illustrated via Schrödinger’s cat analogy. In this module you will learn the fundamental laws and mathematical principles of quantum mechanics. The module content is regularly informed by research activities within the Faculty and beyond. Furthermore, a range of software tools are used to enhanced your learning experience, throughout. Building on problems tackled in seminars, you will complete an assignment that covers problems in quantum mechanics and provides you with the opportunity to research a compelling quantum mechanical phenomenon. These module enables you to develop invaluable skills for progressing you career as a professional physicist in a wide variety of sectors and industries.
Course info
UCAS Code F300
Credits 20
Level of Study Undergraduate
Mode of Study 3 years Full Time or 4 years with a placement (sandwich)/study abroad
Department Mathematics, Physics and Electrical Engineering
Location City Campus, Northumbria University
City Newcastle
Start September 2025
All information is accurate at the time of sharing.
Full time Courses are primarily delivered via on-campus face to face learning but could include elements of online learning. Most courses run as planned and as promoted on our website and via our marketing materials, but if there are any substantial changes (as determined by the Competition and Markets Authority) to a course or there is the potential that course may be withdrawn, we will notify all affected applicants as soon as possible with advice and guidance regarding their options. It is also important to be aware that optional modules listed on course pages may be subject to change depending on uptake numbers each year.
Contact time is subject to increase or decrease in line with possible restrictions imposed by the government or the University in the interest of maintaining the health and safety and wellbeing of students, staff, and visitors if this is deemed necessary in future.
Useful Links
Find out about our distinctive approach at
www.northumbria.ac.uk/exp
Admissions Terms and Conditions
northumbria.ac.uk/terms
Fees and Funding
northumbria.ac.uk/fees
Admissions Policy
northumbria.ac.uk/adpolicy
Admissions Complaints Policy
northumbria.ac.uk/complaints
