Finance and Investment Management (Extended Degree) BSc (Hons)

This module will introduce you to general mathematical and statistical methods used to analyse and interpret accounting, financial and economic data. The module will address and review essential preliminaries of algebra and mathematical functions, such as linear, polynomial, exponential, and logarithmic functions; expanding on numerical series as well as context- based optimisation problems. These topics will be complemented with a comprehensive review of descriptive statistics and an introduction to the normal distribution function, the process of statistical estimation, and hypothesis testing carried out by means of both parametric and non-parametric tests. Key-topics included in this module:

1. Review of Basic Algebra for accounting, Finance and economics;
2. Introduction to Differentiation;
3. Introduction to Numerical Series;
4. Constrained and Unconstrained Optimisation;
5. The Normal Distribution Function in the financial world;
6. Introduction to Statistical Estimation;
7. Hypotheses Testing of accounting, financial and economic data.

This module will enable you to better understand the economic, institutional, accounting and financial forces influencing the development of markets and exchanges and interactions within the global business environment. This module will introduce you to analytical models and principles that will help you understand and analyse the global environment in which business decisions are made. You will develop an
appreciation for the variety of factors that influence the choices and compromises that are made in international business and the implications of these choices on businesses.

This module will help you to understand and critically evaluate globalisation, its different dimensions and the surrounding theoretical debates. The module will equip you with real-world, problem-solving skills and an understanding of academic theory that underpins professional accounting, finance and economics practice. The module will place emphasis on real-life examples and case studies to position the subjects
within the realm of professional accounting, international finance and economic studies. This will enable you to develop your entrepreneurialmindset by developing your problem solving and analytical skills.

You will study and analyse the business environment at a global level, with a focus on how this impacts the national business environment. On completion of this module you will be able to analyse the consequences of changing regulatory and cultural environments for business within the context of professional accounting, international finance and economics. Throughout the module you will develop a deep understanding of the modern economy and the role that accounting and finance play within organisations.

You will explore basic economic theories around international trade and multinational corporations. You will also gain an understanding of elementary concepts of accounting (internal and external) and auditing and how these support global capital markets. You will also learn about the financial decision-making processes at the company level in the context of the analysis of financial performance measures.

You will use this knowledge to explore the scale, scope and trends in international business activity and evaluate various methods that firms use to assess, enter and develop domestic and non-domestic markets. The module will develop your multicultural awareness and knowledge, to introduce you to fundamental principles for purposive ethical decision making.

Finally, you will explore the wider concept of accountability, for example, sustainability reporting and the “Triple Bottom Line”. You will explore issues of financial literacy and the impact of global poverty, the digital divide and the economic and social consequences of global uneven income distribution.

This module provides you with the skills and knowledge you need to successfully secure a relevant undergraduate placement and/or a graduate-level role in your chosen discipline of Accounting, Finance and Economics.

You will cover a number of key topics including career planning, writing CVs, cover letters and application forms, psychometric testing, competency-based interviews, assessment centres and current trends in recruitment and selection practice in accounting, finance and economics.

On completion of this module, you will be equipped with the skills and confidence to make an impactful application to any employer.

This module provides you with an introduction to underpinning financial concepts upon which your degree will be based. You will learn about the financial system; interest rate theory; foreign exchange rate dynamics and the operation of the money, fixed income and equity markets. You will be introduced to a range of financial instruments including collective investments and socially responsible investments. You will learn about the concepts of utility, stock market efficiency, portfolio theory and the capital asset pricing model (CAPM). To apply the knowledge acquired in this module you will use real-time financial data extracted from leading financial software located in the NBS Trading Room. You will be required to use real-world data to enhance your skills in Microsoft Excel which are essential for both placement and graduate employability.

You will learn practical methods of analysing and comparing businesses and effectively interpret their financial results, in doing so you will be introduced to critical thinking skills. The module introduces you to the skills and techniques required to analyse and interpret financial statements and related information. This provides a framework within which you will be introduced to the concepts used in business valuations. You will be encouraged to consider the limitations of business and financial statement analysis as applied in different decision contexts, such as investment and lending decisions.

You will learn how financial information can be used to assist managers and external user groups in their decision-making processes. You will initially look at the informational needs of outside user groups, the nature of the information they are provided with, and how this information can be analysed and interpreted in order to enhance the effectiveness of their decision making.

Topic areas will include:

• The reporting frameworks and ethical principles that underpin financial reporting
• The nature of international financial reporting standards
• Format and content of the statement of profit or loss and statement of financial position
• The statement of cash flows
• Analysis and interpretation of financial statements using ratio analysis

You will then examine how financial information can facilitate managers in making operational decisions in relation to planning and control.

Topic areas will include:

• Costing (full and variable costing)
• Cost, volume, profit analysis
• Relevant costs for decision making
• Budgeting and variance analysis
• Balance scorecards
• Working capital management

Finally, you will explore the motivations for entrepreneurial activity and techniques that can be used to appraise investment decisions.

Topic areas will include:

• Investment appraisal techniques (payback, accounting rate of return, net present value and internal rate of return)
• Practical aspects of investment appraisal (inflation and capital rationing)
• Risk and uncertainty

You will develop your understanding of academic conventions in UK higher education aligned to your level of study, including expectations around critical analysis, structure, argumentation, evidencing, and referencing. The module focuses on developing communication strategies that will help you express your ideas clearly and coherently in written assignments and spoken activities. You will also reflect on your current academic and language skills and develop strategies for development ahead of your assessments.

You will learn the key aspects of the regulations, ethics and professional body requirements that define the ‘rules’ for the financial sector. You will draw from a range of historical case studies to see how regulation within the financial system has transformed. You will be encouraged to discuss and critique the latest regulation changes using academic literature to back up your arguments. You will explore the main financial instruments that are issued and traded including: money market instruments; bonds; equities; foreign exchange; and Insurance. You will learn about these instruments in the context of risk taking and the worldwide markets in which they are traded as well as the principal institutions that use these instruments. To apply the knowledge acquired in this module, you will be using real-time financial information. Therefore, throughout the module you will be required to keep up to date with the latest developments within the financial markets and sector commercial awareness to enable you to contribute to this module.

The word professional means slightly different things to different people, however it is commonly used to describe someone who has acquired and uses a high level of technical knowledge and has the ability to judge the manner of how, when and where to use this knowledge. But the business environment has changed dramatically over the last twenty years, increased regulation, globalisation, more complex financial transactions, the opportunities provided by big data and analytics as well as the demand of good corporate governance and improved corporate social responsibility. These changes have meant that the professional can no longer rely on expert knowledge and needs to develop skills and abilities to help them manage the dynamic environment in which they operate.

This innovative module attempts to provide students with a range of skills and practices, taught in the context of the particular functional specialism, which will prepare the student for a range of future opportunities. This module aims to prepare you for your future studies at Level 6 and work-based learning. It focuses on developing your skills and abilities to critically assess, analyse and manage business-based problems and projects, with emphasis on a range of business models.

The module will focus on accounting, finance or economics to support demonstration of understanding and application of relevant theory from your professional/academic area as appropriate. There also will be opportunities to consider broader contemporary challenges for organisations in responding to changing practices of responsible and sustainable management.

On completion of the module you will have enhanced your problem-solving skills and will be able to manage complex projects. By focusing on advanced group and team working skills, research and complex problem solving skills, project management, communication skills, report writing skills and self-directed learning, you will also develop employability and leadership attributes, including set direction, engage, drive, collaborate, learn, innovate and act ethically.

Building on knowledge gained at level 4, you will continue to learn and increase your skills in applying a variety of practical mathematical and statistical methods specific to the disciplines of finance and economics. On the side of mathematics, this module will expand on geometric series, optimisation methods and techniques, differentiation and integration. On the side of statistics, you will review the derivation of probability distribution and introduce basic principles for machine learning. The module will address formal derivations of mathematical and statistic functions by applying theories and techniques to practical economic and finance cases and examples. Topics in this module include:
1. Review of Mathematical Functions;
2. Mathematics of Financial Returns;
3. Optimisation Methods: Linear Programming;
4. Differentiation of functions of two or more variables
5. Optimisation methods: Maxima and minima of a function of two variables
6. Integration: primitive of a function and Riemann integral;
7. Linear Algebra and Portfolio Theory
8. Probability Distributions;
9. Maximum likelihood principle and elements of Machine Learning.

You will learn about personal finance and wealth planning with a view to understanding how different financial products can be used to satisfy different client needs and circumstances. You will learn about client appraisal; personal taxation (to include income tax, capital gains tax and inheritance tax); building an investment portfolio; mortgage finance; the handling of personal debt; insurance planning; retirement planning and estate planning in the financial planning process.

On this module you will be introduced to complex financial instruments, derivatives. You will learn about the features of derivatives, the risks they are often designed to manage or speculate upon and the ways that money flows ‘through’ the transactions they create. You will learn how to calculate profits and losses resulting from transactions involving derivatives. The module specifically introduces you to Futures, Forwards, Options, and Swaps, as well as examples of exotic derivative types (such as carbon derivatives).

In respect of each type of derivative, you will learn trading strategies specific to each, across three distinct approaches (hedging, arbitraging, speculating). You will study the factors that determine the performance of these trading strategies and how derivatives transform financial and non-financial risks. You will also learn how to apply various valuation techniques to derivatives. You will learn about these instruments and contextualise your knowledge using practical tasks and real-time data extracted from financial trading software.

Building on mathematical and statistical prior knowledge, the module introduces students to the theory and application of econometrics. You will learn classical econometric models such as simple and multiple regression analysis, assumptions and properties of statistical estimators, and the reasoning for violating these assumptions in specific cases. The module covers modelling and statistical inference techniques for single and multi-equation systems, and the use of these techniques with regard to data prediction, model evaluation and forecasting.

Outline Syllabus:
1. Review of Basic Statistics;
2. Simple Regression Analysis;
3. Properties of Regression Coefficients;
4. Inference Testing;
5. Multiple Regression Analysis;
6. Specification of Regression Variables;
7. Violations and Solutions of Classical Linear Assumptions;
8. Time Series Analysis;
9. Panel Data Models;
10. Forecasting Techniques.

You will develop skills that can be applied more widely, such as problem solving and data analysis skills, through writing of workshop questions and assessments; you will gain analytical academic writing skills relevant to the world of economics and finance.

This module aims to provide students with a comprehensive understanding of key literature, research and economic policy debates in the area of environmental sustainability and responsible business. The objective of the module is to provide students with appropriate tools and technical know-how to critically discuss the trade-offs between economic development and environmental protection and moving capitalism towards a
wider sense of accountability. The module will explore and examine the linkages between economic policies and environmental sustainability, the effects of international trade and globalisation on environmental resources, the role of international environmental agreements and the emergence of new forms of financial reporting centred on the principles of sustainability and social accountability.

Key topics covered in this module include:
• Fundamentals of Environmental Economics and Sustainable Development
• Economic Growth and Environmental Conflicts
• Measuring Sustainable Economic Welfare
• Contingent Valuation and Revealed Preference Methods
• Alternative Concepts of Capital: Environmental Accounting, Integrated Reporting, and the Triple Bottom Line
• International Trade and Environmental Protection
• Stakeholder Activism and Social Responsibility
• Political Ecology: Challenging Narratives of Environmental Degradation
• Financial Reporting and Climate Change.
• The Circular Economy
• The Role of Social and Solidarity Economies

In this module you will learn about the capital risks faced by financial institutions. These include credit risk, risks from securitisation exposure, market risk and liquidity risk. You will study the specific areas of credit, market and liquidity risk in the context of the relevant regulatory framework (The Basel Accords) and draw on case study material provided by high profile banks and financial institutions. You will be expected to develop an understanding of the nature of these interlinked risks as well as to understand how they are measured and managed in line with regulations. The module will cover topics such as:
• A typology of risk in banking and financial institutions: definitions; types; and importance.
• International banking regulation and capital adequacy.
• Credit, market and liquidity risk regulatory framework under the Basel Accords.
• Credit Risk: Consumer/commercial credit risk and credit decision making; Measuring credit risk through credit scoring models and modern advanced techniques; counterparty credit risk using examples of the loan and derivative networks, including how to calculate counterparty credit risk via the credit valuation adjustment.
• Market Risk: Measuring market risk through Value-at-Risk models (variance-covariance, historical simulation and Monte-Carlo simulation models); the move toward expected shortfall; other contemporary regulatory models.
• Liquidity Risk: Market and balance sheet sources; measurement techniques; stored vs purchase management styles.

In this module you will focus on the specific area of treasury risk arising from interest rate and foreign exchange rate risk. You will also explore the ever-changing world of operational risk within financial institutions. You will investigate how the risks faced by financial institutions are linked via systemic risk and learn which institutions may be more susceptible to shocks. You will also learn how to measure and manage aspects of these banking risks with the help of case studies set within banking and finance institutions. Further, a key aspect of the module is to determine why an effective fraud risk assessment framework is essential to financial institutions to avoid financial Loss and reputational damage. Prominent real-life financial disasters will be examined to demonstrate how these issues can impact upon banking and financial institutions. The module will cover topics such as:
• Interest rate risk: the level and movement of interest rates; term structure theory; sources of interest rate risk to the banking book; measurement models (repricing gap, maturity and duration models); asset and liability management; Regulatory requirements.
• The impact of foreign exchange rate on financial institutions.
• Operational risk: sources; measurement models; operational risk management policies and procedure; regulatory implications.
• How to develop a Fraud risk assessment and execute it within the global and digital banking environment.
• The concept of systemic risk within the financial system and the macroprudential regulations developed to mitigate such a risk.

This module aims to provide you with the knowledge and skills to apply a variety of quantitative and financial tools to construct, rebalance and evaluate a portfolio consisting of financial assets, mainly equities (including collective investments including SRI funds). The module is organised within the themes of rational and behavioural decision making in relation to investments. You will learn the about the psychological influences on decision making as well as the principles of market efficiency in the context of investment in real world financial assets. You will be exposed to a wide range of techniques for use in rebalancing, comparing, analysing and evaluating portfolios made up of financial assets. Furthermore, you will gain a practical understanding of various aspects of asset allocation, portfolio management strategies and important behavioural issues affecting portfolio choice.
Outline syllabus:
• Investment Process and Asset Allocation
• Portfolio Theory and Diversification
• CAPM and other asset pricing models
• Efficient Market Hypothesis
• Equity Valuation
• Portfolio Evaluation
• Behavioural Finance
• Irrationality Biases, Bubbles and Herd behaviour